Judo was created in 1882 by the martial arts master Jigoro Kano, based on the mixture of tactics and techniques resulting from the evolution of Jiu-Jitsu. The father of modern Judo and most of the judo techniques defined this type of sports fight as “the most effective way to use physical and mental strength.”
It is a close combat sport whose principal value is non-violence; it is focused on knocking down the opponent against the tatami without causing any damage. In addition, rigorous respect is shown for the teacher, material, and the rival. Judo is considered a highly educated means of self-defense and highly recommended for children, as it shows appreciation for courtesy, honor, and self-control.
Practitioners of this martial art are known as judokas, and to carry out judo techniques, they usually use judogi, clothing resistant to friction and blows. Likewise, within the six most usual methods, it is necessary to distinguish the role of the one who seeks to knock down (uke) and the one who carries out the projection (tori).
Basic Judo Techniques
Hon-Kesa-Gatame
Hon-Kesa-Gatame is a widespread technique in Judo combats when uke and tori fight on the ground. To carry out this tactic well, the judoka who carries out the projection must control the opponent’s neck and arm, leaving his head without resting on the tatami. The tori’s leg must be extended, and for greater control, the opponent will be placed below his shoulder.
Yoko-Shio-Gatame
The person in charge of the technique must be on his knees, facing the rival’s body on one side. In addition, he will remove the arm of the opponent who is closest to him, pass a hand under the head and grab the judoka’s neck. Likewise, he will lead the other hand under uke’s leg until he grabs his belt. Finally, the tori throws his weight on top of the opponent, lying face down.
Kata-Ha-Jime
This method belongs to the control-strangulation techniques and can also be seen in other martial arts. To execute it, the athlete who carries out the projection will stand behind the rival, using his arms to control him. In this way, a dam is created in which the adversary’s carotid artery is pressed, also generating some pressure in the trachea while controlling his arm.
Tai otoshi
Technically, it is the most simple projection and is usually taught in the first phases of learning Judo. For its execution, the tori turns the body putting his left foot in front of the foot of the uke. He pushes the opponent and places the calf below the opponent’s tibia without interrupting the traction. The Tai otoshi is one of the main competition movements, almost the first, very difficult to dodge and center.
O-Goshi
This is a hip throw joint in mid to high-level fighting and should be performed with forwarding imbalance. While preparing a movement, the executor of the technique must hook his opponent to destabilize him. The tori’s left hand, which will have the little finger down while grasping, must rotate on itself to bring the little finger up as if looking at his watch.
Hakomi-Gaeshi
Hakomi-Gaeshi is a sacrificial technique performed only by high-level judokas. For his performance, the tori will push the uke down so that when he wants to regain his balance, he will grab him by the belt and roll on his back to project him over his head using his legs.
How are Judo techniques divided?
Currently, Judo is the second most practiced sport globally, being only surpassed by football. Furthermore, in the sixties, it was admitted as an Olympic discipline. On the other hand, it should be noted that there is a division of these methods depending on their execution and purpose.
The first is known as Katame Waza or Control Technique. This group aims to control the opponent (Uke), reducing his mobility to a range that cannot cause any damage to the opponent (Tori) he executes. In short, with these practices, you try to mobilize to score a score. Within this family, you can include dislocations, strangulations, and immobilizations.
The second big category is Nage Waza, also known as Projection Technique. They are the most common techniques used within the regulation time in most combat. In competition, the correct execution of one of these tactics can be considered a point (Nippon). So the victory is granted to the judoka who has executed the projection. On the other hand, this group has three subdivisions depending on the part of the body used to generate the throw: hip, shoulder-arm, and standing techniques.
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Conclusion
Finally, we must highlight the sacrificial judo technique, Sutemi Waza. They are tactics of superior complexity and dangerous if not executed correctly. In addition, they are considered the most spectacular to see due to the flight that the athlete. Who suffers the technique usually generates. This method is not usually taught at lower levels. But they are prevalent in professional fighting. Within this family, back and side support techniques can be differentiated.
Beyond its terminologies, Judo is a martial art. It helps those who learn values such as effort, self-control, and the desire to excel. In the same way, its history, techniques, and rules are principles that the Higher Technician in Teaching and Socio-sports Animation.